Malaria is caused by a type of parasite known as Plasmodium. There are many
different types of Plasmodia parasites, but only five cause malaria in humans.
The Plasmodium parasite is mainly spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which are night-biting mosquitos. When an infected mosquito bites, it injects the parasites into your body.
The symptom's are high temperature, vomiting, sweat and chills, muscle pains, headaches and diarrhoea.
The countries that are affected are large areas of Africa and Asia, Central south America, Haiti and the Dominican republic, parts of the middle east and some pacific islands, such as Papua New Guinea.
The precautions that could be made are Treatment it should be started as soon as the diagnosis has been confirmed.
Find out whether you're at risk of getting malaria before travelling.
Avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, covering your arms and legs and using an insecticide- treated mosquito net.
Check whether you need to take malaria prevention tablets if you do, ensure you take the right antimalarial tablets, at the right dose and that you finish the course.
Seek immediate medical advice if you develop malaria-like symptoms, including up to a year after you return from travelling.
A week dose of tablets for Malaria is £19.00.
The Plasmodium parasite is mainly spread by female Anopheles mosquitoes, which are night-biting mosquitos. When an infected mosquito bites, it injects the parasites into your body.
The symptom's are high temperature, vomiting, sweat and chills, muscle pains, headaches and diarrhoea.
The countries that are affected are large areas of Africa and Asia, Central south America, Haiti and the Dominican republic, parts of the middle east and some pacific islands, such as Papua New Guinea.
The precautions that could be made are Treatment it should be started as soon as the diagnosis has been confirmed.
Find out whether you're at risk of getting malaria before travelling.
Avoid mosquito bites by using insect repellent, covering your arms and legs and using an insecticide- treated mosquito net.
Check whether you need to take malaria prevention tablets if you do, ensure you take the right antimalarial tablets, at the right dose and that you finish the course.
Seek immediate medical advice if you develop malaria-like symptoms, including up to a year after you return from travelling.
A week dose of tablets for Malaria is £19.00.
HIV is a virus most commonly caught by having sex without a condom. It can also be passed on by sharing infected needles and other injecting
equipment, and from an HIV-positive mother to her child during pregnancy, birth
and breastfeeding.
The most common symptom's for HIV is fever, sore throat and body rash. other symptom's include tiredness, joint pain, muscle pain and swollen glands.
These are the top ten countries that are affected by HIV, South Africa, Nigeria, India, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Uganda, United States and Swaziland.
The best way to prevent HIV is to use a condom for sex and to never share needles or other injecting equipment (including syringes, spoons and swabs).
The most common symptom's for HIV is fever, sore throat and body rash. other symptom's include tiredness, joint pain, muscle pain and swollen glands.
These are the top ten countries that are affected by HIV, South Africa, Nigeria, India, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Uganda, United States and Swaziland.
The best way to prevent HIV is to use a condom for sex and to never share needles or other injecting equipment (including syringes, spoons and swabs).
Swine flu is a relatively new strain of influenza
that was responsible for a flu pandemic during 2009-2010.
The virus is contained in the millions of tiny droplets that come out of the nose and mouth when someone coughs or sneezes.
These droplets typically spread about 1 metre.They hang suspended in the air for a while, but then land on surfaces, where the virus can survive for up to 24 hours.
Anyone who touches these surfaces can spread the virus by touching anything else.
Everyday items at home and in public places may have traces of the virus. These include food, door handles, remote controls, hand rails and computer keyboards.
People usually become infected by picking up the virus on their hands from contaminated objects and then placing their hands near their mouth or nose. It is also possible to breathe in the virus if it is suspended in airborne droplets.
The symptom's of swine flu are the same as a normal seasonal flu, unusual tiredness, headache, runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath or cough, loss off appetite, aching muscles and diarrhoea and vomiting.
The virus is contained in the millions of tiny droplets that come out of the nose and mouth when someone coughs or sneezes.
These droplets typically spread about 1 metre.They hang suspended in the air for a while, but then land on surfaces, where the virus can survive for up to 24 hours.
Anyone who touches these surfaces can spread the virus by touching anything else.
Everyday items at home and in public places may have traces of the virus. These include food, door handles, remote controls, hand rails and computer keyboards.
People usually become infected by picking up the virus on their hands from contaminated objects and then placing their hands near their mouth or nose. It is also possible to breathe in the virus if it is suspended in airborne droplets.
The symptom's of swine flu are the same as a normal seasonal flu, unusual tiredness, headache, runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath or cough, loss off appetite, aching muscles and diarrhoea and vomiting.
If you have flu-like symptoms, stay at home, get plenty of rest and use
over-the-counter painkillers to relieve symptoms. If you are concerned, contact
your GP.
If you did have swine flu there is an injection involved.
It is recommended that people in high-risk groups be vaccinated against swine flu. This includes all pregnant women, at any stage of pregnancy. Pregnant women in high-risk groups and those not in high-risk groups are advised to take the seasonal flu jab, which protects against swine flu. This is because there is good evidence that all pregnant women are at increased risk from complications if they catch swine flu. The most important way to stop flu spreading is to have good respiratory and hand hygiene. This means sneezing into a tissue and quickly putting it in a bin. Wash your hands and work surfaces regularly and thoroughly to kill the virus.
People with chronic lung disease, chronic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chronic neurological disease neurological disorders include motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus they would need the flu jab. These are at risk too, patients who have had drug treatment for asthma in the past three years and people who are 65 years of age or over.
If you did have swine flu there is an injection involved.
It is recommended that people in high-risk groups be vaccinated against swine flu. This includes all pregnant women, at any stage of pregnancy. Pregnant women in high-risk groups and those not in high-risk groups are advised to take the seasonal flu jab, which protects against swine flu. This is because there is good evidence that all pregnant women are at increased risk from complications if they catch swine flu. The most important way to stop flu spreading is to have good respiratory and hand hygiene. This means sneezing into a tissue and quickly putting it in a bin. Wash your hands and work surfaces regularly and thoroughly to kill the virus.
People with chronic lung disease, chronic heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chronic neurological disease neurological disorders include motor neurone disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus they would need the flu jab. These are at risk too, patients who have had drug treatment for asthma in the past three years and people who are 65 years of age or over.
Bird flu, or avian flu, is an infectious viral illness that spreads
among birds. In rare cases, it can affect humans.
Bird flu is spread through direct contact with infected birds dead or alive.
Inhaling or being in contact with dried dust from the droppings or bedding of infected birds.
Inhaling or being in contact with droplets sneezed by infected birds.
Culling, slaughtering, butchering or preparing infected poultry for cooking.
The symptom's are high temperature, aching muscles, headache, cough and runny nose. Most people with the condition rapidly develop more severe respiratory problems. Diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal stomach pain, chest pain, and bleeding from the nose and gums have also been reported as early symptoms in some people.
The country's that are affected by bird flu,
Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Niger, Nigeria, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam
To prevent bird flu
Although it is difficult to prevent the spread of bird flu between birds, there are a number of things you can do to reduce your risk when you visit areas where outbreaks have been reported, such as:
Avoid visiting live animal markets and poultry farms, avoid contact with surfaces that are contaminated with bird droppings, don’t pick up or touch birds either dead or alive, don’t eat or hand undercooked or raw poultry, egg or duck dishes, don’t bring any live poultry products back to the UK, including feathers, always practise good personal hygiene such as washing hands regularly.
Bird flu is spread through direct contact with infected birds dead or alive.
Inhaling or being in contact with dried dust from the droppings or bedding of infected birds.
Inhaling or being in contact with droplets sneezed by infected birds.
Culling, slaughtering, butchering or preparing infected poultry for cooking.
The symptom's are high temperature, aching muscles, headache, cough and runny nose. Most people with the condition rapidly develop more severe respiratory problems. Diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal stomach pain, chest pain, and bleeding from the nose and gums have also been reported as early symptoms in some people.
The country's that are affected by bird flu,
Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Niger, Nigeria, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine and Vietnam
To prevent bird flu
Although it is difficult to prevent the spread of bird flu between birds, there are a number of things you can do to reduce your risk when you visit areas where outbreaks have been reported, such as:
Avoid visiting live animal markets and poultry farms, avoid contact with surfaces that are contaminated with bird droppings, don’t pick up or touch birds either dead or alive, don’t eat or hand undercooked or raw poultry, egg or duck dishes, don’t bring any live poultry products back to the UK, including feathers, always practise good personal hygiene such as washing hands regularly.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is an viral infection that can
affect young children, doesn’t usually pose a serious threat to a child’s
health, but it can be an unpleasant condition, particularly if it affects
younger children.
Symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease: cold, loss of appetite, cough and a high temperature, an non itchy rash that develops on the hands and feet sometimes the rash can develop into painful blisters and painful mouth ulcers.
Symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease: cold, loss of appetite, cough and a high temperature, an non itchy rash that develops on the hands and feet sometimes the rash can develop into painful blisters and painful mouth ulcers.
Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by a group of viruses known as
enteroviruses. The two most common types of viruses that can cause the
condition are the:
coxsackievirus A16
enterovirus 71
Dehydration can often occur because the mouth ulcers can make drinking fluids painful so drink plenty of fluids.
Keep your child away from school or nursery while they are unwell.
coxsackievirus A16
enterovirus 71
Dehydration can often occur because the mouth ulcers can make drinking fluids painful so drink plenty of fluids.
Keep your child away from school or nursery while they are unwell.
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection that can spread throughout the
body, affecting many organs. Without prompt treatment it can cause serious
complications and can be fatal.
It is caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning.
The symptoms are high temperature, headache, muscle aches, stomach pains, feeling sick, lost of appetite, constipation or diarrhoea adults tend to get constipation and children tend to get diarrhoea, a rash made up with small pink spots, exhaustion and confusion not knowing were you are.
Typhoid fever is most common in parts of the world that have poor levels of sanitation and limited access to clean water,Children and younger adults are thought to be most at risk of developing typhoid fever because the immune system is still developing, Typhoid fever is uncommon in the UK, with an estimated 500 cases occurring each year. Most of these people are thought to have developed the infection while visiting relatives in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.
Typhoid fever can usually be successfully treated with a course of antibiotic medication so you go visit your local GP.
Complications caused by typhoid fever usually only occur in people who have not been treated with appropriate antibiotics or have had delayed treatment, when you think you have the signs of Typhoid visit your doctors and get checked.
Vaccination against typhoid fever is recommended if you are travelling to parts of the world where the condition is common, main areas that are affected if you was traveling to or traveling near are Africa, Central America, the Indian subcontinent, the middle east, South America and south, south east Asia. Hepatitis A and Typhoid (price per dose), £82.
It is caused by a bacterium called Salmonella typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning.
The symptoms are high temperature, headache, muscle aches, stomach pains, feeling sick, lost of appetite, constipation or diarrhoea adults tend to get constipation and children tend to get diarrhoea, a rash made up with small pink spots, exhaustion and confusion not knowing were you are.
Typhoid fever is most common in parts of the world that have poor levels of sanitation and limited access to clean water,Children and younger adults are thought to be most at risk of developing typhoid fever because the immune system is still developing, Typhoid fever is uncommon in the UK, with an estimated 500 cases occurring each year. Most of these people are thought to have developed the infection while visiting relatives in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.
Typhoid fever can usually be successfully treated with a course of antibiotic medication so you go visit your local GP.
Complications caused by typhoid fever usually only occur in people who have not been treated with appropriate antibiotics or have had delayed treatment, when you think you have the signs of Typhoid visit your doctors and get checked.
Vaccination against typhoid fever is recommended if you are travelling to parts of the world where the condition is common, main areas that are affected if you was traveling to or traveling near are Africa, Central America, the Indian subcontinent, the middle east, South America and south, south east Asia. Hepatitis A and Typhoid (price per dose), £82.
Hepatitis A is a type of viral liver infection uncommon in England.
The most causes of Hepatitis A is were there is high levels of poverty, very overcrowded and have limited access to water and sanitation.
It takes two week for the symptoms to kick in with the virus, loss of appetite, feeling sick, being sick, feeling tired all the time, low grade fever, joint pain, mild headache and a general feeling of being unwell. even if you smoke you will loose the taste of the tobacco.
The countries that are affected by Hepatitis A are Africa, India, Pakistan and some parts of the middle east and south America.
An important prevention against the spread of hepatitis A is good personal hygiene, Washing your hands well and frequently can help protect against a number of infections, viruses and bacteria, wash your hands after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food. Extra precautions include not sharing towels, eating utensils or toothbrushes,hepatitis A in England children are not routinely vaccinated against hepatitis A and Vaccination would normally only be recommended if you were travelling to certain parts of the world and /or you fell into a high risk group for infection.
Hepatitis A, £45. Hepatitis A Junior, £40.
The most causes of Hepatitis A is were there is high levels of poverty, very overcrowded and have limited access to water and sanitation.
It takes two week for the symptoms to kick in with the virus, loss of appetite, feeling sick, being sick, feeling tired all the time, low grade fever, joint pain, mild headache and a general feeling of being unwell. even if you smoke you will loose the taste of the tobacco.
The countries that are affected by Hepatitis A are Africa, India, Pakistan and some parts of the middle east and south America.
An important prevention against the spread of hepatitis A is good personal hygiene, Washing your hands well and frequently can help protect against a number of infections, viruses and bacteria, wash your hands after using the toilet and before preparing or eating food. Extra precautions include not sharing towels, eating utensils or toothbrushes,hepatitis A in England children are not routinely vaccinated against hepatitis A and Vaccination would normally only be recommended if you were travelling to certain parts of the world and /or you fell into a high risk group for infection.
Hepatitis A, £45. Hepatitis A Junior, £40.
Tetanus is a serious but rare infection caused by bacteria. It
usually occurs when a flesh wound becomes contaminated.
The symptoms are muscle spasms and stiffness in your jaw muscles they say its lock jaw, it spreads from you jaw to your neck then to your limbs it takes up to 24 hours, the muscle spasms in your neck can make it difficult to swallow and severe breathing.
15 of 35 states in India and 29 of 33 provinces in Indonesia.
A vaccination to protect against tetanus is given as part of the NHS childhood vaccination programme.
The full course of the tetanus vaccination consists of five doses. The first three doses are given in the 5-in-1 vaccine for babies at two, three and four months of age. This is followed by a booster of tetanus vaccine in the 4-in-1 pre-school booster jab which is given around four years of age. And a final booster against tetanus is given to children betweeen 13 and 18 years of age as part of the 3-in-1 teenager booster.After the full course of five injections, you should have lifelong immunity against tetanus.
The symptoms are muscle spasms and stiffness in your jaw muscles they say its lock jaw, it spreads from you jaw to your neck then to your limbs it takes up to 24 hours, the muscle spasms in your neck can make it difficult to swallow and severe breathing.
15 of 35 states in India and 29 of 33 provinces in Indonesia.
A vaccination to protect against tetanus is given as part of the NHS childhood vaccination programme.
The full course of the tetanus vaccination consists of five doses. The first three doses are given in the 5-in-1 vaccine for babies at two, three and four months of age. This is followed by a booster of tetanus vaccine in the 4-in-1 pre-school booster jab which is given around four years of age. And a final booster against tetanus is given to children betweeen 13 and 18 years of age as part of the 3-in-1 teenager booster.After the full course of five injections, you should have lifelong immunity against tetanus.
Yellow fever is a serious viral infection that's usually spread by a
type of mosquito known as the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It can be prevented with a
vaccination.
The symptoms are high temperature, headache, nausea and vomiting, muscle pain including bad backs and jaundice – yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by liver damage.
Yellow fever mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa (countries to the south of the Sahara desert), South America and in parts of the Caribbean.
To prevent it you can go to your GP and get the vaccination, that seems to stop yellow fever.
The symptoms are high temperature, headache, nausea and vomiting, muscle pain including bad backs and jaundice – yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by liver damage.
Yellow fever mainly occurs in sub-Saharan Africa (countries to the south of the Sahara desert), South America and in parts of the Caribbean.
To prevent it you can go to your GP and get the vaccination, that seems to stop yellow fever.
Dengue is a common viral infection spread by mosquitoes. It is
widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
Dengue is spread by a type of infected mosquito called the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
An infected human is bitten by a mosquito, the infected mosquito then bites another human, and the cycle continues.
The symptoms are high temperature, headache, pain behind eyes and bone, muscle pains.
In 2012 there were 343 reported cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Most of these cases were in people returning from South East Asia, the Far East, the Indian Subcontinent and the Caribbean.
Anyone can get dengue.
There is currently no vaccine for dengue fever so the best way to prevent catching the infection is to take common sense precautions when travelling in high-risk areas, such as: wear protective clothing and using a mosquito repellent throughout the day and night.
Dengue is spread by a type of infected mosquito called the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
An infected human is bitten by a mosquito, the infected mosquito then bites another human, and the cycle continues.
The symptoms are high temperature, headache, pain behind eyes and bone, muscle pains.
In 2012 there were 343 reported cases in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Most of these cases were in people returning from South East Asia, the Far East, the Indian Subcontinent and the Caribbean.
Anyone can get dengue.
There is currently no vaccine for dengue fever so the best way to prevent catching the infection is to take common sense precautions when travelling in high-risk areas, such as: wear protective clothing and using a mosquito repellent throughout the day and night.